The influx of foreign worker Essays

The flood of remote laborer Essays The flood of remote laborer Essay The flood of remote laborer Essay Then again, pace of jobless Malaysian increments as Job open door being removed. The business want to enlist remote laborers as they are happy to acknowledge lower pay from local people particularly In the lower gifted Jobs. Subsequently, the Jobs opening for local people are lessening as they need to contend with the outsiders . The weight will be put on the administration as social government assistance costs will be higher. The convergence of remote specialists coming to Malaysia will likewise cause decreased national pay. Presumably the primary driver of their coming is to work and get by. This has brought about immense outpouring of Malaysian cash to the outside laborers root nation and diminishes the benefits of Ringing Malaysia. One significant disadvantage is that the laborers should send some cash compensation back to their nation of origin for their family, rather than spending it. Another point Is that the Increases of crime percentage In our nation. There are remote specialists who come here don't have sufficient wages and don't have a Job for retrain period . Hence, they will confront money related troubles as the average cost for basic items will be the weight. Accordingly, Involving in the crimes happen, for example, robbery, burglary lifting, assault and mobs. Crimes that frequently happen undermine their own wellbeing as well as will influence the picture of our nation. The flood of outside laborers into Malaysia is anything but another wonder. Taking a gander at the worry issues, it is an assignment for the legislature to scan for a system so as to connect with and control this marvel before it become more terrible. Larger part of network consider them as troublemakers who ought to be discarded. Notwithstanding, are remote laborers just have an unfavorable impact, or Is It something acceptable comes in spite of the nearness of these outside specialists? All in all, its essential to have some authority over the utilization of outside specialists and to ensure that utilizing them doesn't disturb the work showcase for nearby laborers . Be that as it may, Malaysia is still needing outside laborers so as to keep up monetary development. Along these lines, the administration assumes a significant job on adjusting the circumstance with the goal that the approach of having outside specialists in Malaysia will have most extreme advantage to the nation. The deluge of outside specialist By similarly lower pay from local people particularly in the lower gifted Jobs. Therefore, the Jobs Another point is that the increments of crime percentage in our nation. There are remote the weight. Subsequently, including in the crimes happen, for example, theft, are outside laborers just have an antagonistic impact, or is it something acceptable comes.

Project Strategy and the Leadership Culture for a large construction Assignment

Task Strategy and the Leadership Culture for an enormous development venture - Assignment Example When building up a procedure for acquisition, it is basic to consider all the components that are crucial to the task, for example, the undertaking destinations, assets that are accessible, the absolute spending plan and the venture length. The evaluation of these elements will guarantee that the group has a customized acquisition plan that contributes towards the project’s destinations. Before any buy is made, the obtaining official must have the option to address the inquiry with respect to why that thing is being bought, and in the event that it is the most financially savvy alternative. All alternatives must be thought of, and, since there are a few things that can be set up nearby, it is critical to think about every accessible choice. A model is concrete. A few organizations sell solid that is prepared for use and is conveyed to the site in trucks. Notwithstanding, the undertaking administrators can choose to purchase concrete independently and blend it at the site for use (Ward, 2009). Every one of these choices must be thought of with the goal that the administrators discover one that isn't just financially savvy yet additionally saves money on work cost, time and utilization of mechanical gear. Manageability is likewise a factor that decides the term for which we stay aware of specific buys. Considering the spending plan distributed, we ought to have the option to decide if our acquirement choice can be bolstered over the long haul. A significant factor in the obtainment procedure is discovering providers. Providers are weighed dependent on different gauges, for example, unwavering quality and the expense. The acquirement procedure ought to be done in a financially savvy way that saves money on the assessed figures. This should be possible by distinguishing providers who are modest. Nonetheless, this isn't the main proportion of a decent supplier.Reliability is similarly significant with regards to picking a provider of decision. A decent provider must have the option to flexibly top notch items inside the necessary time and at a moderate cost; it doesn't need to be the least expensive choice. It is adequate to pay somewhat more

13 Fabulous Feminist Audiobooks And Essay Collections

13 Fabulous Feminist Audiobooks And Essay Collections My favorite way to consume feminist books is having them read calmly into my ears while I drive to work. I get all fired up and everything feels a little bit less hopeless. Feminist audiobooks are like an electrifying blanket for me. When Im feeling stuck, I listen to one, and I start to feel better. I get enraged at injustice and then I get amped up to make a change. Here are a bunch of my favorite feminist audiobooks, including a bunch of bonus reads because I just cant help myself. If you cant help yourself, we also have 100 must-read feminist books, 24 feminist books coming out in 2018,  100 must-read young adult books for budding feminists, and my not-so-accidental month of feminist reading. All the Single Ladies: Unmarried Women and the Rise of an Independent Nation by Rebecca Traister (read by Candace Thaxton) This is sometimes a bit hard to swallow (single women almost always struggle to be as successful as single men, etc.) but so important. Rebecca Traister weaves together the stories of single women through history, noting all the social, political, economic, sexual, and emotional bits. We have this idea that its only recently that women have wanted to live a single life, but it turns out its always been pretty common. Just not talked about as much. Bonus read:  Spinster: Making a Life of Ones Own by Kate Bolick American Hookup: The New Culture of Sex on Campus by Lisa Wade (read by  Callie Beaulieu) I picked up  American Hookup purely for the cover, and it did not disappoint. Lisa Wade teaches a sexuality course and talks to her students throughout their college careers, compiling data along the way. Mostly, everyone thinks everyone else is having more sex than theyre having, so they have sex even when they sometimes dont want to. Its like sex is the only thing people go to college for. Its a wild ride, and an absolutely fascinating look at sex on campus. Bonus read:  Girls Sex: Navigating the Complicated New Landscape by Peggy Orenstein Asking for It: The Alarming Rise of Rape Culture and What We Can Do about It by Kate Harding (read by  Erin Bennett) Be prepared to yell at the universe while listening to this one. Kate Harding analyzes rape culture and muses on the ways in which college women going out at night is similar to men going to battleâ€"everyone stay together. No one gets left behind. I spent a lot of time sitting in parking lots, trying not to puke as I listened. But its a necessary book for every human right now. Its one of the first feminist audiobooks that got me hooked on taking in my feminism through my ears. Bonus read:  Missoula: Rape and the Justice System in a College Town by Jon Krakauer Bad Feminist by Roxane Gay (read by  Bahni Turpin) Hey, have you heard of this woman, Roxane Gay? She writes really great words and has a lot of great opinions on things pertaining to feminism and pop culture. (Beyonce! Channing Tatum! The Hunger Games!) If you havent read Bad Feminist yet, please, listen to it. You wont regret it. Bonus read: Hunger: A Memoir of (My) Body by Roxane Gay Dirty Thirty by Asa Akira (read by Veronica Worthington) Asa Akira is an intimidatingly badass porn star. Dirty Thirty, her memoir about turning 30 in the adult film industry, shows a different side to her. Shes cute and quirky, and, oh yeah, explodes into a feminist rant about halfway through the book. She reminisces on her youth, her early days in porn, some monumental moments in her career, and her fears about being too old now. She talks about being a daughter and how her mother found out about her career. She talks about being married to another porn star, and how she refuses to abide by housewife-y rules. Shes great. Bonus read:  Insatiable: Pornâ€"A Love Story by Asa Akira F*cked: Being Sexually Explorative and Self-Confident in a World Thats Screwed  by Corinne Fisher and Krystyna Hutchinson (read by the authors) This is the handbook I want given to college freshmen.  Corinne Fisher and Krystyna Hutchinson are here with a stellar collection of essays on sexuality in todays world. The book is broken up into sections: Shame, anatomy, sexy acts, relationships, sex ed, and the serious stuff: sexual assault and abortion. Its a great guide for a sexual debut. Bonus read:  Becoming Cliterate: Why Orgasm Equality Mattersâ€"And How to Get It by Laurie Mintz Feminist Fight Club: An Office Survival Manual for a Sexist Workplace by Jessica Bennett (read by  Bahni Turpin) Is your office sexist against women? You need this book. Jessica Bennett offers lots o tips on how to handle situations that arise at work. And she has badass feminist playlists and other ephemera sprinkled throughout. Bonus read: How to Be a Bawse: A Guide to Conquering Life by Lilly Singh Freedom Is a Constant Struggle: Ferguson, Palestine, and the Foundations of a Movement by Angela Y. Davis (read by the author and Coleen Marlo) A collection of interviews and essays from Angela Davis? Yes, please. She tackles police brutality, racism, capitalism, and every issue that starts local and ends global.  Freedom is a Constant Struggle is a great listen for a wide-lens view on social issues. Bonus read:  Headscarves and Hymens: Why the Middle East Needs a Sexual Revolution by Mona Eltahawy The Girls Who Went Away: The Hidden History of Women Who Surrendered Children for Adoption in the Decades Before Roe v. Wade by Ann Fessler (read by Coleen Marlo) This. Book. Ruined. Me. I grew up with the idea that women who put their babies up for adoption did so flippantly because, oops, they got pregnant and didnt want to be a mom. But in this book, Ann Fessler interviews women who gave up their babies, and their stories are all so heart-breakingly similar. Girl had sex for the first time (or was raped), missed her period, started showing, didnt know what was happening to her, got sent off to a maternity home, gave birth, and lived with a secret for the rest of their lives. Some girls simply had no sex education, or couldnt afford abortions, or were threatened by their family if they even thought about keeping and raising the baby. Do yourself a favor and listen to this book. Bonus read: Ten Days in a Mad-House by Nellie Bly Nasty Women: Feminism, Resistance, and Revolution in Trumps America edited by Samhita Mukhopadhyay and Kate Harding (read by  Bahni Turpin) Every essay in this collection blew me away. Cheryl Strayed writes about locking herself in her room on Nov. 9, 2016. Sarah Michael Hollenbeck, co-owner of the badass feminist bookstore  Women Children First  in Chicago, writes about her physical disability and the gaze of strangers, the prospect of motherhood, and the way the election of a bully affects all of us. Nicole Chung writes about living in a country under an administration that sees white people as American and non-white people as Other. If you only choose one book about 2016 to read, this should be it. Bonus read:  What Happened by Hillary Rodham Clinton Trainwreck: The Women We Love to Hate, Mock, and Fear and Why by Sady Doyle (read by the author and Alex McKenna) It may sound strange to compare Mary Shelley, Charlotte Bronte, and Billie Holiday to Britney Spears, Miley Cyrus, and Amy Winehouse, but then again, maybe it doesnt. These women are deemed trainwrecks while the men who act similarly are beloved. We are fed tabloid madness about women, but the men are usually left out, unscathed. Sady Doyle digs into famous women throughout history and finds that many stories are similar, decade after decade. I absolutely loved this on audio. Bonus read: Sex Object by Jessica Valenti We Were Feminists Once: From Riot Grrrl to CoverGirl ®, the Buying and Selling of a Political Movement by Andi Zeisler (read by Joell A. Jacob) The queen of Bitch herself wrote about marketplace feminismâ€"the idea that a movement that used to be about fighting for justice turned into a movement of looking cool and buying T-shirts emblazoned with FEMINIST. Andi Zeisler takes a look at what the feminist movements have looked like, and how theyve changed. Bonus read: You Dont Have to Like Me: Essays on Growing Up, Speaking Out, and Finding Feminism by Alida Nugent When They Call You a Terrorist: A Black Lives Matter Memoir by Patrisse Khan-Cullors, Asha Bandele (read by Patrisse Khan-Cullors) Because if your feminism isnt intersectional, youre doing it wrong. Patrisse Kahn-Cullors co-founded the Black Lives Matter movement and witnessed first-hand from a young age that Black people are among the most vulnerable in the U.S. Please listen to this book. Bonus read:  Pushout: The Criminalization of Black Girls in Schools by Monique Morris What are your favorite feminist audiobooks?   Sign up for Audiobooks to receive the latest from the audiobooks world. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Eating Disorders And Young Women - 1477 Words

Eating disorders refer to conditions where individuals have an unhealthy relationship with food, which in turn negatively influences various aspects of their lives. Individuals suffering from eating disorders eat either excessively large amounts of food or little food that cannot sustain their normal body functions. Such persons can equally be obsessed with thoughts of food and exercises, an aspect that may result in them having distorted bodies. Millions of American citizens suffer from eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating, as well as eating disorders that are not otherwise specified (EDNOS). The most worrying concern nonetheless, is the fact that close to 90% of those suffering from eating disorders are adolescents and young women, the former who are routinely regarded as one of the most active segments of the population (Dancyger et al., 2014). The high incidence within adolescents and young women should note be taken to denote that young men and adults do not suffer from eating disorders. The failure to adequately attend to those suffering from eating disorders predisposes them to serious mental and physical health issues, thereby routinely interfering with their personal, professional and social lives (Mehler et al., 2015). In as much as eating disorders may coexist with different mental conditions, the eating disorders tend to go undiagnosed, implying that only a small number of sufferers obtain treatment for eating disorders.Show MoreRelatedEating Disorders And Young Women1674 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Eating disorders refer to conditions where individuals have an unhealthy relationship with food, which turn negatively various aspects of their lives. Individuals suffering from eating disorders eat either excessively large amounts of food or little food that cannot sustain their normal body functions. Such persons can equally be obsessed with thoughts of food and exercises, an aspect that may result in them having distorted bodies. Millions of American citizens suffer from eating disordersRead MoreThe Effects Of Eating Disorders On Women And Young Girls839 Words   |  4 PagesEating disorders appear to be something that is more common in this country and ignored. Media portrays people do be a certain body frame and it is talked about who has the right body shape and who does not. This makes it extremely difficult for people, especially women. Media and other people put a huge pressure on women and young girls to have a certain body image and shape to be â€Å"beautiful† or more attractive especially to the other gender. This can be a lot of the times when eating disordersRead MoreSociocultural Factors that Lead to Eating Disorders in Young Women1604 Words   |  7 Pagesto Eating Disorders in Young Women According to the DSM-5, anorexia nervosa is characterized by â€Å"distorted body image and excessive dieting that leads to severe weight loss with a pathological fear of becoming fat† while bulimia nervosa is characterized by â€Å"frequent episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate behaviors such as self-induced vomiting to avoid weight gain† (DSM-5, American Psychiatric Association, 2013). These two disorders most often affect adolescent girls and young womenRead MoreThe Media Is The Devil s Advocate Of Eating Disorders919 Words   |  4 Pagesincrease in eating disorders amongst women. The media is the devil’s advocate of eating disorders. Doctor Kathrine Henderson researched the history of eating disorders and the media to understand the reason behind its origin. Early studies provide evidence that claims the media’s main focus is on the decreasing weight in celebrities plastered on magazines and many other models and women who are the idea ls of beauty. There has been a variety of studies proving the increase in thinness amongst women in magazinesRead MoreMedia Is The Blame For Eating Disorders844 Words   |  4 Pagesnever be attainable but so many of young women strive for it. Why? Magazines, instagram, twiter, facebook, snapchat. Today’s media has dominated the way young women see themselves. Young women are constantly comparing themselves to Kendall Jenner, Kim Kardashian, or even their best friend. b. Relevance statement: i. Many people can relate to media being the blame for eating disorders because they’ve either dealt with this or know someone who has had an eating disorder due to what the media says youRead MoreResponsibility of the Fashion Model Industry1505 Words   |  7 Pageswhat an average young woman views as an ideal image for a female. If you don’t resemble the images of those stunning Victoria Secret models and Fashion Week models, you suddenly become ashamed of your own body. It is a great life to have with the high pay, fame, drinking champagne on a yacht with famous celebrities and even being on the Vogue cover page. Fashion Modeling Industry has been the most influential source in our young women’s lives. Young girls and young women are seen eating as little asRead MoreThe Causes Of Eating Disorders In College Women1444 Words   |  6 PagesEating Disorders in College Women Bingeing. Purging. Calorie counting. Excessive exercising. These are actions that are most commonly associated with eating disorders, which are psychological conditions affecting an individual’s eating habits. Though these conditions can appear in any age or gender group, they tend to be most prevalent in adolescent women. A large population of these young women happen to be college students dealing with problems such as body image issues, food insecurity, andRead MoreThe Influence Of Media Reporting On Society s Perception Of Beauty1730 Words   |  7 Pagesan image that is unrealistic and unattainable for teenage girls. As such, based upon a macro perspective, the societal roles, status and expectations of young women have been impacted negatively. This paper will analyze how the combination of media reporting, socioeconomics and sociocultural factors contribute to the development of eating disorders as well as how society s perception of beauty has been distorted. This paper will further support the notion that societies perception of a female’s beautyRead MoreSociology Essay: â€Å"How Far Would Sociologists Agree That the Media Causes Eating Disorders in Women?898 Words   |  4 Pagesagree that the media causes eating disorders in women? In this essay I will discuss how far sociologists would agree that the media causes eating disorders in women. Eating disorders refer to a group of conditions characterized by abnormal eating habits that may involve either insufficient or excessive food intake to the damage of an individuals physical and emotional health. Eating disorders include: bulimia, anorexia and obesity. First Marxists would argue all young females in the west areRead MoreThe Psychological Effects Of Eating Disorders1324 Words   |  6 Pages but what women don t realize is that those are all influences leading to eating disorders. Women are strongly affected by eating disorders in North America. Many societal, cultural and physiological aspects contribute to the impact that eating disorders have upon women. Psychological aspect of eating disorder The psychological effect of eating disorders is one of, if not the most influential part of the development of an eating disorder. â€Å"Eating disorders are disorders of eating behaviors

Concert Intime Is A Wonderful Dance Performance - 885 Words

Concert Intime is a wonderful dance performance which was held in April 9, 2016 at Chapman University. Two directors Alicia Guy and Liz Maxwell, professional choreographers, and talented Chapman students brought audiences an intimate and colorful evening with seven performance pieces. They were Innumerable, Metamorphosis, Children of the Drum, All as One, and And the Winner Is. In each piece, audiences could enjoy a unique story in the past or modern life and a great combination of customs, light, music, and body languages. The first performance piece was Innumerable choreographed by Cristina McKeever. It was based on the famous documentary Numbered by Danna Doron and Uriel Sinai. The story is about Auschwitz prisoners in the concentration camps. Regardless of religion, all these people were tattooed on their arms or chests with serial numbers. There are approximately 400,000 prisoners in Auschwitz, but only some several thousand survivors are still alive today. In order to attract t he audiences, the piece started with a woman’s voice speaking the quotation of Primo Levi, one of the survivor in Auschwitz, â€Å"With time, my tattoo has become a part of my body. I do not display and do not hide it. I show it unwillingly to those who ask out of curiosity, readily and with anger to those who say they are incredulous.† Eight dancers then appeared and danced in groups as well as in pairs and alone. Especially, they displayed a lot of run motions in order to portray the Auschwitz

Internal Security Challenges Free Essays

string(45) " case of heinous crimes is steadily falling\." Ved Marwah Shri N N Vohra, Shri K Santhanam, Director IDSA, Ladies and Gentlemen: I deem it a privilege to be invited to deliver the IDSA Foundation Lecture. Since inception in November 1965, under the stewardship of the late Shri Y B Chavan and the subsequent direction provided by Shri K Subrahmanyam, former Director, the IDSA has acquired a creditable profile. Over the years, the IDSA has played a commendable role in enriching the security discourse and deliberations in India. We will write a custom essay sample on Internal Security Challenges or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is in this context that I propose to share my thoughts with you on a matter of concern to all of us, namely, â€Å"India’s Internal Security Challenges†. India was partitioned in the backdrop of large-scale communal riots, but the partition of the country on religious lines, without taking into consideration its multiple identities, instead of bringing the communal tensions down, in fact, worsened the situation. The two-nation theory created Pakistan, and it still survives on this theory. Pakistan finds it difficult to accept the reality that India continues to be a democratic, plural, multireligious society and that India today has more Muslim citizens than Pakistan. Read this  Chapter 2 – Why Security is Needed The Government of Pakistan has taken upon itself the responsibility of not only protecting its own citizens, but also the Indian Muslims. The power structure in theocratic Pakistan, dominated by the army, the feudal landlords, the bureaucracy and the religious leaders has been able to retain its hold over the levers of power by playing the antiIndia and Islamic cards. Pakistan plays the Islamic card in its foreign policy also. It misses no opportunity to club India as an anti-Islamic country where Muslims are not safe. The continuing tensions between India and Pakistan have a direct bearing on the internal situation in India. They have further complicated the internal security situation. * IDSA Foundation Day Lecture delivered by Shri Ved Marwah, Governor of Jharkhand on November 11 2003. Strategic Analysis, Vol. 27, No. 4, Oct-Dec 2003.  © Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses â€Å"India’s Internal Security Challenges† 503 The management of internal security, therefore, assumes great importance. If the internal security issues are tackled effectively, subversion by the external forces to that extent becomes more difficult. Unfortunately, the rise of contentious politics based on sectarian, ethnic, linguistic or other divisive criteria, is primarily responsible for the many communal and secessionist movements flourishing in India. The presence of hostile neighbours enables the internal conflicts to get external support, which includes money, arms and sanctuaries. The vested interests exploit these conditions to pursue their own agenda. In a well-established political system and a developed economy, conflicts between the various group identities are kept under check as in due course they get assimilated into the national identity. But that has not happened in India as yet, where the wounds of the partition and the colonial rule have still not fully healed. Moreover, the dependence on the government by a large section of our people for their very survival sharpens these conflicts among them. The democratic institutions and the state structures are still not strong enough to fully harmonise these conflicts in a peaceful manner. Violence erupts when conflicting interests cannot be consensually reconciled. The hostile external forces, taking advantage of this situation through subversive propaganda, further accentuate these conflicts. They give material and ideological support to aggravate this sense of grievance to such an extent that a small minority are willing to become tools in their hands to subvert the stability and security of the country. In addition, a number of secessionist and the so-called revolutionary movements are operating in India today. Their goal could be to overthrow the government and bring about revolutionary changes in the structure and functioning of the state, or even secession from the Indian Union. Ever since independence, India has been facing all types of violent conflicts based on religion, caste, language, ethnicity and regional loyalties. Political insecurity further compounds the problem. Preoccupied with the problem of survival, the governments in some of the most affected states are not looking at the problem from a long-term perspective. They have bought temporary peace by compromising with the subversive forces. Such shortsighted policies can have disastrous consequences in the long run. Instead of effectively dealing with them in the initial stages when the problem is manageable, they have allowed these anti-national forces to take roots and spread their tentacles far and wide. When a state government 504 Strategic Analysis/Oct-Dec 2003 is unable to effectively deal with them, instead of strengthening the state police machinery, it rushes to the Centre to hand over its responsibility at the first sign of any serious trouble. It is not surprising that in these states some sections of the police have actually joined hands with the subversive forces against the central forces. If you cannot fight them, join them†. Finding themselves at the mercy of these subversive forces, the people tend to change sides and start supporting them instead of supporting the security forces. It would be wrong to assume that all those supporting, directly or indirectly, these forces are sympathetic to their ideology. Far from it! For most of them, preoccupied with the daily battle of survival, this is the obvious choice, because the police are unable to protect them. Polarisation on caste and religious lines can further reduce the credibility of the police in the minds of the people. The police-politician-criminal nexus can embolden the criminal elements. Their activities can create an environment of lawlessness, where influential and rich people violate the law with impunity. The police is not the only component of the criminal justice system that has suffered because of this nexus. In fact, the entire criminal justice system is under strain. Not all crimes are being registered and those registered are not being properly investigated; and even out of those charge-sheeted, very few are ending in conviction. The conviction rate in case of heinous crimes is steadily falling. You read "Internal Security Challenges" in category "Papers" In some North-Eastern states it has reached almost zero level, where the police have stopped even submitting the charge sheets in the insurgency-related cases. When the fear of legal punishment disappears, organised crime finds it convenient to spread its tentacles. The crime syndicates are finding the new communication and information technology very useful. Extortion and payment of the so-called ‘protection money’ is more widespread than we would like to believe. According to some reports, direct extortion from the government funds runs into hundreds of crores of rupees. Many of the insurgent and militant groups are not driven by ideology, but by sheer greed. Money power is a bigger motivating factor than ideology. Vested interests have developed around these groups with active connivance of corrupt politicians, police officers and civil servants. Some politicians even take their assistance during election times. They have to return their favours when they come to power. This mutually beneficial relationship has seriously damaged the quality of governance in the interior areas. The real losers are the people. The development process â€Å"India’s Internal Security Challenges† 505 gets seriously hampered in a violent environment. When large development funds are siphoned out by this unholy alliance between the criminal and corrupt forces, even the delivery of the most basic services like water, power, healthcare, education and communications becomes a stupendous task. A vicious circle starts. The deprived and the marginalised sections of the society, unable to survive in the present system, get alienated. The militant and extremist forces thrive in this environment. The rise of Left extremism is more due to these compulsions than on ideological grounds. There are media reports about the carving out of a corridor by the Left extremist forces from Nepal to Tamil Nadu. Even if there is no truth in these reports, the involvement of hostile external forces in support of the Left extremist forces to destabilise the country cannot be ruled out. The mushrooming of armed ‘Senas’ on caste and ethnic lines in some parts of the country is a direct consequence of the polarisation of the society. This phenomenon has also affected the police and the administration in general. Loss of public confidence in the capacity of the state to protect their life and property is the primary cause of this dangerous development. Far from controlling them, a politicised and partisan police actually encourages this development. The tensions in some parts of the country, especially in the tribal areas, due to a perceived threat to their identity is not new, but the rise of so many violent movements is a relatively recent development. In the border states these movements become secessionist because of the support they receive from the hostile neighbouring states. The rise of fundamentalist forces is posing the most serious threat to India’s security. Fired with religious zeal these forces have created an entirely new situation. The intelligence agencies in our neighbourhood and the organisations, like Al Qaida, and Jaish-e-Mohammad, are encouraging the so-called ‘Jehadis’ to enter India from outside. After first targeting the border states they have now spread deep inside the country. These bands of fanatics are not only indulging in subversive activities, but are spreading the virus of fundamentalism among the Indian Muslims. The break-up of the Indian Union continues to be the main goal of Pakistan’s domestic and foreign policy. Easy availability of deadly weapons with the subversive groups operating in India has created new dangers for India’s security. With the ‘Golden Crescent’, and the ‘Golden Triangle’ in India’s neighbourhood, drug trafficking poses yet another threat to our security. 506 Strategic Analysis/Oct-Dec 2003 Drug syndicates are generating huge funds, a part of which is being used to give financial support to some of these subversive groups. The intelligence agencies like the ISI are recruiting a number of ‘carriers’ in drug trafficking as their agents. These agencies provide legal immunity for their criminal activities in their own country in addition to giving them financial and logistical support. Internal security challenges are not confined to any one area, but the North-East, Jammu and Kashmir, and the areas afflicted by Left extremism deserve special mention. North-East The Naga leadership under Z. A. Phizo had challenged their integration into the Indian Union even before India became independent in 1947. The Naga insurgency started way back in the early 1950s. Since then the insurgencies in this region have multiplied and spread to many new areas. In this extremely diverse and strategically sensitive region, there are different reasons for the ethnic upsurges and insurgencies in different states. Some seek secession from the Indian Union, some others seek separate states and yet others greater autonomy within the existing state. The number of such insurgent groups could reach three-digit figures. In Manipur alone, more than twenty-five groups are operating. Thousands have died in the insurgency-related violence. Insurgencies have seriously affected the economic life of the region. The whole developmental process is seriously hampered because of this unending violence. One can imagine the plight of the people who are already living on the margin. What to talk of getting a share of the fruits of development, they are deprived even of the most basic services. Unfortunately, unlike Jammu Kashmir, these violent movements do not stir much response in national consciousness. Even serious incidents of violence hardly find any mention in the so-called mainstream media. The geo-strategic importance of the North-East is not sufficiently appreciated even in the security establishment. All the states in the North-East share an international border with other countries and the seven North-Eastern states are linked to the rest of the country only by a narrow strip of land. The lack of physical, cultural and emotional links has encouraged a feeling of alienation, which is being exploited by the nottoo-friendly neighbours to pursue their own agenda. They are giving support and sanctuaries to many of these groups to use them as leverage against a much bigger and more powerful neighbour. â€Å"India’s Internal Security Challenges† 507 The roots of these many insurgencies in the North-East lie deep in its history and its geography. But, it would be wrong to treat it as one homogeneous region with common problems, or social systems and customs. Even physiographically, the region can be divided into three broad areas — hills, plateaus, and plains. The many ethnic groups, speaking many different languages and dialects, who inhabit this remote part of the country consider themselves as separate people with little in common with the people in the rest of the country. The lack of physical, cultural and emotional links has encouraged this feeling of separation. The partition of the country seriously dislocated the old system of communications with serious demographic consequences. At the heart of the problem, however, is the new political consciousness and an urge for asserting their identity, especially among the fiercely independent tribal communities. The partition left the entire region land-locked, and even the old road, railway and river-waterway links with the rest of the country were severed, because they all passed through East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). The new rail link via North Bengal is circuitous and too long and expensive for easy access to the region. The air link is not only expensive, but also unreliable due to climatic conditions. The people have to bear enormous additional transport cost for all their supplies. Another intractable problem is created by the influx of migrants from East Pakistan and now continuing from Bangladesh. In the beginning it was confined to the Hindus leaving East Pakistan due to insecure conditions, but later, because of intense population pressure even Muslims started migrating. The fear that immigrant population will one day dominate them is keeping many of the insurgent and secessionist movements alive. The terrain in this region is eminently suitable for insurgency. The hilly terrain and dense forests provide convenient hiding places to mount ambushes on the moving convoys of the security forces. Large parts of the interior areas have little or no police presence. The insurgent groups virtually control the administration in these areas. After attacking the security force they can easily disappear into the local population. Because of deprivation and alienation, a large section of the people tend to be sympathetic to the members of these groups. It is the alienation of the people that has sustained insurgency all these years, though logistic support and sanctuaries provided by the neighbouring states play a vital role in sustaining them. The dispersion of ethnic groups across the international 508 Strategic Analysis/Oct-Dec 2003 boundaries has profoundly influenced the nature of political conflicts. However, it needs to be emphasised that internal-external linkages originate with the failure of the domestic political and administrative system in coping with the internal conflicts. Secessionist leaders often adopt alternative strategies to achieve their goal. They keep on changing their tactics and demands according to the ground situation. The intensity of the conflict depends very much on how strong the public support is. Ethnicity can become an important dimension of internal conflict when it becomes intertwined with other social, political and economic issues. As conflicting groups go from one crisis to the next, they learn by experience to raise their demands to increase their bargaining power. Political changes that offer new opportunities for personal gain and extending their influence can spark violent conflicts. Even though most of them are conscious of the fact that secession is not a viable option, they keep on raising this demand to bring together the various contending conflicts on one platform. Making common cause against the Indian state is how many of these groups with conflicting ideologies cooperate with each other in their fight against the Indian state. The United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA) was born out of the demand to throw out the migrants from Bangladesh, and yet its top leaders are today finding sanctuary in that country. The South Asian ountries have more in common with India than with other countries in the region. They do not even have a common boundary with each other. But this reality has not made them friendlier towards India. History and geography have encouraged negative sentiments rather than positive sentiments about India in these countries. The big powers too have not hesitated to fish in troubled waters. Till the 1970s, China was directly supporting the ins urgencies in the North-East. Strategically, politically and economically the North-East is the most sensitive part of the country and should receive the serious attention it deserves. The ongoing dialogue between the government and the NSCN (IM) is a positive development, but it is going to take a long and torturous route. The NSCN (IM)’s claim on the Naga-inhabited areas in the neighbouring states has created serious complications. The riots in Manipur in 2001 following the extension of the ceasefire to the areas beyond the boundaries of Nagaland are a pointer to the difficult road ahead. The situation in â€Å"India’s Internal Security Challenges† 509 Assam has shown some signs of improvement, but large-scale extortion by the ULFA and other groups is posing serious problems. The NLFT and the ATTF continue to be active in Tripura. They have sanctuaries in Bangladesh. Mizoram is quiet, but there are problems between the Mizos and the Chakmas, and the Mizos and the Reangs. Thousands of Reang refugees from Mizoram are staying in camps in Tripura. In spite of many rounds of negotiations between the Mizoram government and the representatives of the Reangs, so far no solution appears to be in sight. The unending internecine feud between the NSCN (IM) and the NSCN (K) has spilled over from Nagaland to the neighbouring states and even to Myanmar. A number of Meitie and Kuki groups have sanctuaries in the Chin Hills in Myanmar. The ULFA and the Bodo groups have sanctuaries in the forests of Bhutan. There are unconfirmed reports of some sort of tie-up between the ULFA and the LTTE. A number of groups have also come up in Meghalaya and Arunachal Pradesh. Many experts have called the Naga insurgencies as the mother of all insurgencies in the North-East. The level of violence, however, in this explosive region continues to be high in spite of the fact that the ceasefire agreement with the NSCN (IM) has been in place since 1997. This only goes to show how difficult the road to peace is going to be in this trouble-torn region. It is truism to say that it is not only a law and order problem. It has many other dimensions. No strategy will succeed unless it strikes a right balance between political, economic and security measures. There is need for closer co-ordination among the policymakers. Ideally, there is need for a consensus among the major political parties. The pursuit of narrow political agenda can be exploited by the subversive groups. Many political leaders in this region indulge in double-speak. They mouth nationalist slogans in Delhi but have no hesitation in making strong anti-national statements and collaborating with the insurgent groups in the state. Nor do they have any reservation in changing parties. They frequently hop from one political party to another. In Manipur some politicians have changed sides as many as six times in a year. A chief minister changed his party three times in one month, and his coalition partners three times in 48 hours. A party label has very little meaning. Money and muscle power with active support of the insurgent groups play a key role in the elections. Most of these states are not financially viable. They hardly collect any revenue and depend almost entirely on the Union government for financial 510 Strategic Analysis/Oct-Dec 2003 support. This has caused lack of responsibility in incurring public expenditure. For example, Manipur has created a huge bureaucratic structure with a workforce of almost 100,000 on its pay roll. Over 80% of its total revenue (both Plan and non-Plan) is spent on payment of salaries and pensions. Extortion by the insurgent groups, the leakage’s of huge funds through corrupt practices leave very little for development. And they conveniently put the blame on the Centre for not giving them adequate funds. Through years of neglect this potentially rich region is today the most backward, almost primitive, part of our country. In these appalling conditions an alienated population becomes an easy target for the secessionist propaganda. Jammu Kashmir The problem has been with us since independence even though Pakistan has no legal case. The ruler of this erstwhile princely state decided to accede to India. According to the Independence Act it was for the rulers of the princely states to decide to join India or Pakistan. Pakistan has been disputing the legality of the accession signed by the then JK ruler, Maharaja Hari Singh. The initial hesitation of the Maharaja to accede to either India or Pakistan and the unilateral Indian offer to find out the wishes of the people of the state has given Pakistan an excuse to challenge the legality of the accession. It has been doing everything for the last 56 years to grab this state. It has not been able to achieve its objective through wars with India. So, it has started a proxy war since 1989. Waging of a proxy war fits into the Pakistani designs of bleeding India. Unfortunately, the weaknesses of the state and of the administrative systems have provided Pakistan with opportunities to fish in troubled waters. More interested in perpetuating their rule than governing the state, its rulers have been exploiting regional and religious differences. Anti-national forces thrived in this environment and Pakistan has missed no opportunity to support and encourage them. Over the years it has succeeded in building a proPakistan base in the state. Frustrated in their efforts to gain power through democratic means, some politicians joined the anti-India front, more to put pressure on the Indian government than on ideological grounds. In a state, where the overwhelming population was against communal politics at the time of partition, the fundamentalist forces have managed to penetrate into the secular polity. The many serious problems of the people have to be addressed. It is not a coincidence that Pakistan’s efforts to destabilise â€Å"India’s Internal Security Challenges† 511 he situation in the state received some success only when our own political mismanagement provided it with an opportunity to intervene, as in 1965 and again in 1989. One of Pakistan’s main aims is to divide the polity on communal lines. The attitude of the Pakistani military government is unlikely to change in the near future. But that does not mean that Pakistan should be allowed to set the Kashmir agenda. Moves will have to be made on all fronts to regain the initiative on both political and diplomatic fronts. The proposals made in the announcements by the Cabinet Committee on Security on October 22 are steps in the right direction, but the ground situation does not justify over-optimism. There are likely to be many ups and downs on this long torturous road to peace in Jammu and Kashmir. Left Extremism Making a beginning in Naxalbari in West Bengal and Telengana in Andhra Pradesh in the 1970s, the movement has since spread to many states: Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Orissa. The root cause for the rise in Left extremism is the inability of the states to address the many genuine grievances of the people. The gap between the unrealistic expectations, fuelled by populist rhetoric, and their actual fulfilment has increased and not decreased over the years. The younger generation is no longer willing to put up passively with injustice and humiliation without a fight. The bitterness of the angry young man against the prevailing unjust socio-economic system is spilling over. The older generation is not unsympathetic to them. An educational system which produces unemployable young boys and girls has not helped. Pressure on land has made the task of survival on agriculture more difficult. A callous district administration, especially in the rural areas, a clogged judicial system and feudal attitudes have compounded the problem. The land disputes have multiplied, but the land records and the judicial system to settle them is in disarray. There is a sense of frustration and anger. The most prominent among the groups, that have mushroomed in the recent years, are the People’s War Group (PWG) and the Marxist Communist Centre (MCC) . But it is not ideology and revolutionary zeal that is driving them. For many, joining these groups is the only way to survive. Their main activity is extortion. Huge funds amounting to hundreds of crores of rupees are being extorted by them. What they cannot 512 Strategic Analysis/Oct-Dec 2003 get through legitimate means they obtain through arms and explosives. Their tactics are no different from the insurgents and terrorists. Create terror and extort money. They are, however, not secessionists. Their aim is to overthrow what they call an unjust socio-economic system. But they are in no hurry to achieve their ideological aims as long as they can extort enough money. Corrupt politicians, policemen and civil servants have made their own adjustments with these groups. A live-and-let live attitude is mutually beneficial to all of them. Who knows how much money goes to the extremists and how much goes to the others. The real sufferers are the very people for whom the extremists are waging this war against the state. In public perception a government that is unable to discharge all its responsibilities is more likely to respond when the demand is loud, organised and backed by acts of violence. The many progressive, wellintentioned legislations are not eing implemented effectively and sometimes have done more harm than good by creating more bitterness and frustration, e. g. , the Minimum Wages Act. The marginal and deprived sections of the society are the worst hit. Social and economic factors are important, but even more important are religion and identity. The secessionist movement in JK is politically motivated, but its ideological base is built aro und religious funda-mentalism. Fired by religious fervour, the young recruits have no hesitation in attacking ruthlessly what they consider the decayed political and moral order, which they perceive as hedonistic. Once the instruments of governance are discredited, it is not too difficult to justify their destruction as in JK, the North-East or in the states afflicted by Left extremism. In another sense, however, the aim of all these movements is no different from the aim of legitimate political movements. They too seek to acquire power, measured in terms of exercising influence or control over the people and acquisition of wealth for them is the source of all power. Extortion, therefore, becomes an essential part of their strategy. Their goal and strategy could change during the course of the movement. In the initial stages some of them may only demand economic and political justice or more autonomy in the existing political system, like the Bodos in Assam, but they can take a more extremist stand and demand secession in the later stages. Effective steps to reduce ethnic and social inequalities, disparities in educational and employment opportunities, and for creating an effective machinery for the redressal of public grievance, are absolutely essential to â€Å"India’s Internal Security Challenges† 513 mprove the environment in which extremist violence flourishes. Steps to reduce economic deprivation and improve the delivery of essential services can erode the base of public support on which the extremist movements survive. It is relatively easier to find solutions to seemingly intractable political problems, like in JK, in an environment where people are by and large satisfied with the functioni ng of the government agencies and are not deprived of essential services. More than anything else, it is the economic policies that would ultimately determine the future of these movements. A thriving economy, which gives hope and opportunity to the people, is more likely to defeat all types of extremist movements than any other strategy. The need for a well co-ordinated security apparatus can hardly be overemphasised. It should include the police, the paramilitary forces, the army and the intelligence agencies. A composite force on the lines of the National Security Guards (NSG) should be organised in all the states, even in those states where the internal security situation is not so serious. It is easier to deal with the problems at the initial stages, than later, when the state police is no longer able to cope with them. But in the states where the situation has gone beyond their control, the Centre, as laid down in the Constitution, is duty-bound to intervene, notwithstanding the fact that law and order is under the State List. The Union government is charged with the responsibility of protecting the states from internal disturbances under Article 353 of the Constitution, even though law and order comes under List-II, the State List. The Union government can issue directions to the state under Articles 257-258. Action for non-compliance of the directions from the Union government can be taken under Article 365. A state government can be dismissed under Article 356, if a situation arises in which the administration of the state cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution. A national emergency can be declared under Article 352. But, even if the Centre decides to intervene, the state’s role cannot be minimised. The primary responsibility to deal with the security challenges must rest with the state governments. A situation should not be allowed to develop where the state government washes its hands off, or its forces instead of cooperating with the central forces, actually work against them. The many internal security challenges can be met effectively only with full cooperation between the central and the state governments. The police, 514 Strategic Analysis/Oct-Dec 2003 the paramilitary forces, the army and all the intelligence agencies must act in close co-ordination. The hostile foreign forces can and will take advantage of the internal situation to destabilise the country in pursuit of their own agenda. All serious internal security problems: communal and sectarian violence, organised crime, drug-trafficking, labour and students’ unrest, political violence and even economic crimes, if not checked effectively can develop an external dimension. There is an urgent need to make the police and the paramilitary forces more professional. The emphasis has to shift from ‘more numbers’ to ‘more professionally trained forces’. The internal security problems should not be treated as merely law and order problems. They have to be dealt with comprehensively in all their dimensions and at all levels — political, economic and social. They are all interlinked. At times, the required measures will conflict with each other. Going too far in one direction could be counter-productive. The security requirements have to be met, but that does not mean giving the security agencies a free hand. Striking the right balance is the key to success in meeting these challenges effectively. We need a comprehensive security policy that will be implemented effectively at all levels. Ladies and Gentlemen, I thank you for your indulgence. It has been my endeavour to offer a personal perspective on the nature of the internal security challenges that India currently faces. I hope these thoughts and observations would encourage greater deliberations amongst you. From this interaction we could perhaps distil a collective perspective that would be relevant both to the policy makers and the civil society. And finally, my best wishes to the entire IDSA fraternity on this occasion — and may your stature grow. How to cite Internal Security Challenges, Papers

Lecture Review Visions of the Demimonde Albert Tucker in Paris

Art has a wonderful peculiarity to touch upon the hearts of lots of people. It does not matter whether you are fond of painting or have no ideas of what this or that painting is all about, any piece of art will certainly touch you and help to look at the world in a different way. The only thing needed is time to comprehend the essence of the work.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Lecture Review: Visions of the Demimonde: Albert Tucker in Paris specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some people do not have a great opportunity to create own masterpieces, certain personal or social troubles may cause such an inability. This is why such people have nothing to do but analyze and talk about the works created by the other painters. However, sometimes, people just do feel like creating something their own. In such cases, analyzes and explanations of the material to other people are one of the best decisions. Almost t he same situation happened to Lesley Harding, a wonderful writer and art critique. She has written several wonderful lectures about the works of Albert Tucker. One of her best-known lectures was Visions of the Demimonde: Albert Tucker in Paris written in 2006. This lecture is about one piece of life of such a great Australian painter, Albert Tucker, spent in Paris. If Paris has an ability to change people’s lives, the life and visions of Tucker have been changed considerably during his travel to Paris. These changes were noticeable both in his works and in his relations with other people. Lesley Harding creates a captivating story that reflects the condition and consequences of Tucker’s presence in Paris. Lesley Harding is a curator of the Tucker’s Collection and Archive at Heide Museum of Modern Art placed in Melbourne. This person is known for her desire to learn more and more in order to share her knowledge with the others, who do not have an opportunity to s tudy Art and Graphic Design in a proper way. After she gets a proper education in Art, she does not want to stop. Now, she undertakes a PhD in Art History in the Melbourne University. During some period of time, Lesley Harding was a curator at the Victorian Arts Centre, and before her marriage, she was a curator in Sydney (the National Art School). Her lectures about the works and life of Albert Tuckers are not difficult to comprehend. Illustrative examples of painter’s works, bright facts from his life, his connections and relations with different people, and his personal attitude to the events – each of these points makes Harding’s lectures captivating and interesting to listen and even to read.Advertising Looking for critical writing on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In Harding’s lecture Visions of Demimonde: Albert Tucker in Paris, the object of her story was Albert Tucker, an A ustralian artist and Expressionist, a refugee from the Australian culture, as Stephen Alomes said. Harding tries to not to start her lecture with a concrete place and time. She wants to prepare readers and listeners to her story about Tucker’s life and work in Paris. She mentions that, for that period of time, Tucker was a great painter with a proper understanding of Australia’s landscape and the inhabitants. (Harding 2006) In this way, she underlines that the world that was offered to Tucker was a bit different to that one he used to live. Paris, with its freedom to move and feel was a real novelty for the artist. There are several major points Lesley Harding describes in her work: (1) Tucker’s adventures before Paris, to be more exact, his arrival to London, (2) Tucker’s attitude to lighter elements, which were inherent to Paris painting, (3) Tucker’s works, which were associated with more vivid cacophony of life, and (4) his friendship with Dick son and their return to Paris in 1951. These major points create a strong outline of the lecture presented by Lesley Harding. This article is not only about the Tucker’s works in Paris. Harding makes an wonderful attempt to compare his previous works and the reasons why he decided to change his own preferences. In Paris, Tucker realized the broader sense of his place in that continuum. Even more, in order to prove her own words, she refers to Tucker’s words about the sense, time, and place. It seems that the topic of the lecture is indirectly connected to the text. The author names the article Visions of Demimonde: Albert Tucker in Paris. However, in this article, she talks about demimonde’s visions from only one point of view – the Tucker’s one. Of course, his original understanding of the world and this life, his life experience, and emotions may serve as strong evidences to rely on. However, in this lecture, the reader/listener can evaluate Pari s and its style of life by means of Tucker’s impressions only. He created several great works in Paris: Paris Night (1948), Woman and Beast (1951), or Rebirth (1951). In those works, he used ageing prostitutes and other representatives of nightlife in Paris to underline how those people saw the world. In some works, he concentrated on their eyes, in the other works, he add details to their arms, etc. Each of his works was a unique one, and Lesley Harding uses all her attention and imagination to represent Tucker’s ideas and feelings.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Lecture Review: Visions of the Demimonde: Albert Tucker in Paris specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At the end of the lecture, Harding tells about Tucker’s return to Paris. It was late 1951, when Tucker started the creation of caravan in their hotel room. The inhabitants were really impressed, they underlined that Tucker made gold. Dickson and Tucker moved the creation to the banks of the river Seine in Paris. It was one of the most wonderful works that was known as a ticket for Parisians to the rest of Europe, seen by Tucker. Lesley Harding is a wonderful writer and talented storyteller. Her imagination and devotion to her works and the masterpieces of other painters help to create really fascinating lectures to people with various level of education. If a person wants to know more about the works by Albert Tucker, the first thing he/she needs to do is to listen carefully to the lectures of Harding. She is one of the best curators of the Tucker’s Collection, she knows a lots about his works’ creation, and also, she is aware of the way of how to present the information clearly. The lecture Visions of the Demimonde: Albert Tucker in Paris is one of her best works. This lecture has a clear structure with a logical order of details. She does not jump over the facts in order to concentrate on the essence of the story. She presents enough information, concentrating on pre-history, and invites the listeners/reader into the world of Art created by Albert Tucker. Reference List Alomes, S 1999, When London Calls: the Expatriation of Australian Creative Artists to Britain. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Harding, L 2006, ‘Visions of the Demimonde: Albert Tucker in Paris’, Art and Australia, vol. 43, no. 3. This critical writing on Lecture Review: Visions of the Demimonde: Albert Tucker in Paris was written and submitted by user Grayson Whitaker to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Laser Dentistry essays

Laser Dentistry essays Laser dentistry is a relatively new form of dental care. Laser Dentistry uses lasers to perform surgery, prepare cavities, and harden dental resins. This use of lasers has allowed dentists to perform tasks with less pain and with improved results. There are many different types of lasers used in the dentistry field. Theses lasers included the argon laser, the diode laser, the neodymium: yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser, the holmium: yttrium aluminum garnet (Ho:YAG) laser, the erbium: yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser, and the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser. Each laser has different properties, such as wavelength, that allow the laser energy to be absorbed by different compounds. A laser that is well absorbed by water would be used on blanched tissue, and a laser that is well absorbed by skin pigments would be used on skin or gums. The argon laser is most commonly used on skin tissue because it well absorbed by melanin and hemoglobin. The argon laser operates at two wavelengths of 488nm and 514nm. The 488nm wavelength is used to catalyze dental resin polymerization. This use of the argon laser allows for faster curing of dental resins, and causes the dental resin to have a strong bond to the tooth. The argon laser is also used for laser teeth whitening. One of the downsides of using the argon laser is that the laser requires a large amount of energy to create lasing, and to cool the laser cavity. The diode laser is a useful tool because it allows for a smaller more reliable unit. The diode laser operates at wavelengths of 820nm and 830nm. These wavelengths are absorbed by pigmented tissue. This laser is used on gums and other skin tissue for some types of dental surgery. The diode laser is a very useful laser in dentistry because of its compact size. The Nd:YAG laser is the most commonly used laser in dentistry. The Nd:YAG laser operates at a wavelength of 1064nm. This wavelength is absorbed by both pigmented tissue an...

The 11 Best SAT Books Recommended for SAT Prep

The 11 Best SAT Books Recommended for SAT Prep SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips With so many SAT prep books to choose from, how can you tell the good ones from the bad ones? Well, not to worry because we've evaluated SAT books for you! This fully updated guide gives you our recommendations for the top 11 SAT preparation books to help you achieve the scores you want. To best outline the differences, I've divided the books into four main sections: Best Overall SAT Prep Book Best Traditional SAT Prep Books for Instruction, Strategy, and Practice Questions Best Books for SAT Math Best Books for SAT Reading and Writing Before jumping into our SAT book recommendations, though, allow me to give you a word about myperspective. Disclaimer: Why Am I Recommending SAT Books? You're probably wondering why PrepScholar, known for its online SAT prep program, is going old school and recommending an SAT book list. As SAT experts who have made it our mission to understand the test and help students succeed, we are dedicated to providing you with the best resources to achieve both your academic and personal goals. If you're self-motivated and prefer using SAT books in your prep, then they can be a great way to learn content, practice strategies, and try out sample questions. That being said, all the SAT prep books recommended below have strengths and weaknesses. Several of them seem as if they were rushed to publication, while others unfortunately don't offer the same level of quality that they did in previous versions. I believe PrepScholar has managed to integrate the best parts of these books into its online prep program while adding the helpful element of accountability. We help you plan out and stick to your study schedule, keep track of your progress, and hone the specific skills and practice problem types you need most in order to improve your scores. With prep books, you can try to customize your study plan to your specific needs too- but with PrepScholar, we do all that heavy lifting for you. Plus, considering the huge gains you can get from it, it's much more cost effective than buying all these books! Since we're not necessarily benefiting from these SAT book recommendations, you can trust that our advice is neutral, objective, and based onboth our andstudents' real experiences with these SAT preparation books. Now that we've got all that out of the way, let's move on to our list of SAT books. Because the best representation of SAT questions always come from the test makers themselves, I'll be starting this list with the College Board's Official SAT Study Guide. The College Board's Official SAT Study Guide, 2018 Edition Price: $15-$20 on Amazon In past years, I told students that the College Board’s SAT guide was the number one, critical book they had to have in their study arsenal. Now, I’m saying pretty much the opposite- don’t bother! Why? Because you can find all of its material for free online. In a helpful move, the College Board has asserted its commitment to transparency by providing free online SAT practice materials (they’re also strongly promoting their partnership with Khan Academy, which offers useful video explanations to go along with official SAT questions). Some students and educators were disappointed to buy The Official Study Guide book only to find that its practice tests were the same exact ones offered online. So does this book offer anything beyond SAT practice tests? It does dedicate a bunch ofpages to explaining the test structure, basic strategies, and answer explanations. Since you can find the majority of this info online, though, I don't recommend buying the official guide unless you really want all the material printed out for you. If you have access to a printer and a working internet connection, I’d say to take advantage of the free online material and learn about the SAT that way. The total number of tests is stilllimited, so you might space out these SAT practice tests throughout your prep as a way to gauge your progress and determine what concepts you need to study most. In-between these tests, you can supplement with questions from other books on this list. Read on for the pros and cons of the best overall SAT prep book, along with the best books by SAT section. Best Overall SAT Prep Book: Kallis' SAT Pattern Strategy Price: About $30 on Amazon Students and educators alike have reported having great experiences withKallis’ Redesigned SAT Pattern Strategybook. This book providessix full-length practice tests,addingup to around 24 hours of practice testing. Pros The SAT questions are generally realistic and closely mimic official test questions. Kallis goes beyond the official guide's simple explanations to give step-by-step answer explanations for each question. These in-depth descriptions help you understand any mistakes and fix them for next time- a key strategy forimproving your scores. The book discusses 101 topics you’ll find on the SAT and offers a clear, focused presentation of fundamental concepts in grammar, literature, and math.Beyond content review, this book gives some analysis ofthe various question types, allowing you to take a more strategic approach to your prep. Kallis goes over the structure, format, and topics covered on the SAT in detail, so you’ll have a strong grasp of logistics before test day. This review will save you time in having to read any instructions and pace yourself since you’ll know exactly what to expect on the SAT. Cons While this book does a good job providing realistic practice questions and content review, it’s less helpful for learning keySAT strategies, such as time management and the process of elimination. Because this book emphasizes a "learning by doing" approach, it doesn't spend a lot of time going over mindset and critical test-taking strategies. This book is relatively expensive at around $30 on Amazon. It requires a lot of independence and self-discipline. You’ll need to take responsibility for dividing up the material in the most effective way and designing and sticking to a productive study plan. While the practice questions are there, it’s up to you to put in the work and make the most out of them. Best Traditional SAT Prep Books for Instruction, Strategy, and Practice Questions The following SAT prep books are of decent quality but have some serious weaknesses as well. The following four books are the best currently availablefor content review and practice problems. Let's go over the pros and cons of each. SAT Prep Black Book, 2nd Edition Price:$20-$25 on Amazon I highly recommendSAT Prep Black Bookfor itsinsightful strategies and test advice.The SAT Black Book, as it's called, was written by Mike Barrett, who's taken the time to understand the test inside and out. In it, he goes over the different types of questions and introduces critical tips, such as how to recognize tricky wording and"distractor" answer choices. Pros This book is excellent for students who want to learn about the structure, format, and tricks of the SAT, and for those who want togain practical strategies when it comes to answering questions and saving time. It can be useful for students of all levels,since Barrettcustomizes his advice depending on your target score. It providesthorough answer explanations for questions on the first four official SAT practice tests. Where the College Board fails to walk you through the steps of a practice problem or explain why other answer choices are incorrect, this book guides you through each question on each practice test in detail. It can help change your mindset when actually taking the SAT. You can incorporate the book's explanations and strategies into your own approach so that you're more confident when answering each question type.While the Black Book is great for strategy, though, it's less helpful for studying concepts. Cons It doesn't have any of its own SAT practice questions. Instead, the book must be used in conjunction with the official SAT practice tests. It refers directly to official SAT questions and gives thorough explanations, especially for the hardest questions. The Black Book focuses on strategy and understanding the SAT, so it's not the strongest resource for reviewing concepts and content. If you're looking to completely relearn sentence parallelism or linear functions,for instance, you'd need an additional resource. Although I find this book to be written in a pretty engaging style, this is entirely a matter of opinion;in other words,Barrett's explanation style and test strategies might not work for everyone. McGraw-Hill Education SAT 2019 Price:$10-$15 on Amazon If you’re looking for an informative overview of the structure and content of the SAT, then McGraw-Hill Education SAT 2019is a decent choice. At more than 750 pages long, this massive bookgoes over the SAT in great detail, from the number of questions to the time limits on each section, so you can know exactly what to expect on test day. Pros It containsfive full-length SAT practice tests,including one diagnostic test. These are all fairly realistic and include thorough answer explanations for each question. The book's practice questions are realistic and resemble official questions. Specifically, the Math questions feature real-world scenarios you'd likely see on the SAT, with problems revolving around topics such as temperature and selling tickets for a performance. The book isextremely strong in its presentation of SAT Math concepts. It breaks down all the major topics in detail, from expressions and linear systems to less commonly tested ideas such as geometry, basic trig, and complex numbers. It gives you helpful guidance when it comes to mapping out your SAT study plan.Similar to our own SAT prep program, this book suggests beginning your prep with a diagnostic SAT practice test and using it to shape your study plan. It also offers some crucial strategies, such as improving your calculator fluency so you know when it'll be useful and when it'll just slow you down Cons It's weak inreviewing Reading and Writing. While the book goes over the Math section in detail, its presentation of the two verbal sections is more limited and even a little unusual. Its review of the sections ismore conceptual and experimental than it is specific to the SAT. For instance, the book features chapters with titles like "Language of Truth, Truthfulness, and Beauty" and the "Language of Dissent, Criticism, and Rebellion." While these sections might sound interesting to book lovers, they aren’t really relevant to the SAT- a feature I consider critical when prepping for this unique, idiosyncratic test. Barron's SAT, 29th Edition Price:$20-$25 on Amazon Barron's SAT, 29th Editionis another thorough prep book that offers ample content review, sample questions, and SAT practice tests. Pros The book containsfour full-length practice tests, in addition to access totwo more full-length online practice tests.This gives you tons of opportunities to practice. It offers a diagnostic test, a helpful tool to familiarize you with the SAT, get you into a testing mindset, and help you note any weaknesses you'll need to address moving forward. Barron’s is very comprehensive and covers most of the topics you need to know for the SAT. Because of its dense format, it’s typically more effective for high scorers who can engage quickly with the content and maintainfocus throughout. If you can divide up and scaffold the material in a manageable way, there's no doubt you'll gain some valuable practice with this SAT prep book. Cons Barron’s has been criticized for recycling practice questions from its old booksrather than creating new SAT content, and this problem remains in this edition as well. Simply reusing old questions won’t give you a realistic sense of the question types and concepts on the SAT. This book appears especially guilty of this in its math sections, where it alsolacks sufficient focus on algebra- a major component of the test. Some of the questions are overly confusing and have complicated wording.By contrast, real SAT test questions call for in-depth reasoning skills while using relatively straightforward wording. Therefore, the questions you’ll get in Barron's, while helpful, might ultimately be too hard and not as useful as they could be for your test prep. The Princeton Review's Cracking the SAT, 2019 Edition Price:About $15 on Amazon (and $20-$25 for premium edition) Similar to Barron's, The Princeton Review's Cracking the SAT, 2019 Edition prep book provides a comprehensive review of the SAT,covering concepts you need to know, such as grammar rules and algebraic functions, along with strategies for approaching the test questions and managing your time. Pros It containsfour full-length practice tests and one additional practice testyou can access online (or, if you get the premium version, you'll have access to three more online, giving you a total of eight practice tests!). The book offersthorough answer explanationsfor practice questions, which help you think about how you can approach similar questions in the future and on test day. There's an online component that helps you score your practice tests. Cons The Princeton Review shares one of Barron’s biggest drawbacks:some of its questions have overly elaboratewording and therefore don’t match the straightforward style of official SAT questions that well. While the practice tests are helpful, they're not the best representation of SAT questions. Some of the book's content review and questions are too conceptually easy.While Barron's might be better for especially motivated students aiming for top scores, this book is probably more appropriate for students scoring around or below 600 on a test section. Don't expect to have this book help you score much beyond this range. It doesn’t break each content area down into as many subtopics as it could, so there's a lack of detail when it comes to certain subject areas. Its style might not be for everyone. This book is a big, traditional test SAT prep book with a straightforward approach. While some students might appreciate or prefer this, others might find it boring and dull. All the SAT prep books mentioned above have both strengths and weaknesses. Combined, though, they provide relatively comprehensive prep in all major areas: practice questions, content review, and strategies. If you're looking to focus even more on a particular SAT section, you'll likely benefit from a subject-specific SAT prep book. The following books are my top recommendations for SAT Math, Reading, and Writing. Unlike his couches, this frogprefers his SAT prep one section at a time. Best Books for SAT Math Books that focus on a single SAT subject oftenprovide especially in-depth prep. Plus, they can be easier to approach than the huge comprehensive test prep books. If you need more prep in one section than the others or are taking advantage of your colleges' superscoring policiesby building up your SAT scores one section at a time, then these books could be great resources. We'll start with myrecommendations for Math prep books, starting with Dr. Steve Warner's500 New SAT Math Problems. Dr. Steve Warner's 500 New SAT Math Problems Price:About $35 on Amazon Dr. Steve Warner's500 New SAT Math Problemsis his most recent in SAT Math preparation.He discusses each area on the test: Heart of Algebra, Passport to Advanced Math, Problem Solving and Data Analysis, and Geometry and Complex Numbers (the College Board calls this last topic Additional Topics). Pros Just like with his last series, Dr. Warner offers comprehensive and clear content review and instruction. This book helpfully arranges SAT math concepts by difficulty, with the easiest being Level 1 and the most advanced being Level 5. This organization ensures that math problems from all the different content areas are integrated; it also allows you to focus on certain chapters depending on your own level. Students already scoring in the 700s, for instance, will benefit the most from studying Level 4 and 5 concepts and problems. Each lesson in this book is carefully crafted, and practice problems are realistic, helping to reinforce your understanding. Answer explanations are clear and go oversome different approaches you can take when solving a problem. As mentioned above, these kinds of multifaceted explanations appeal to different kinds of learners and allow you to carefully understand your mistakes and fix them for next time. Cons While it’s perhaps unfair to compare this book with its predecessors (which focused on the old version of the SAT), I can’t help but find ita little limited.The book could be a better resource if itbroke down each content area into smaller, more specific subtopics. Dr. Jang's SAT 800 Math Workbook for the New SAT, 2018 Edition Price:About $25 on Amazon At more than 400 pages long, Dr. Jang's SAT 800 Math Workbook for the New SAT, 2018 Editionis a great (and hefty) math prep book to add to your SAT book collection. Pros By far, this book's most impressive strength is its sheer number of math practice problems- more than 1,500 of them!It definitely allows for a "learning by doing" approach, as you can time yourself and answer practice questions for days on end. Question types are arranged by difficulty level, so you can break them up and customize your math practice depending on your needs. You might start with Dr. Jang’s diagnostic test and then space out the book’s 10 sample tests as you prep. Dr. Jang’s SAT math problems are generallyrealistic examples of what you’ll see on the SAT. The book emphasizes algebra, includes basic trigonometry, and divides questions into non-calculator and calculator sections (just like the actual SAT does). It also offers a strong representation of the concepts, format, and rules you’ll encounter on the SAT Math section. Cons This bookis like the flipped version of Dr. Warner’s book above- lots of practice problems but not a ton of content review. For more instruction, as well as strategies and detailed explanations, you'll need to supplement this workbook with another resource. It has some occasional typos, which can detract from your prep. It doesn't include manytest-taking strategies, such astime management. This book has lots of practice problems that appeal to students of all levels, but it’s probably not sufficient on its own to prep you for all aspects of SAT Math. PWN The SAT: Math Guide, 4th Edition Price:$25-$30 on Amazon PWN the SATtargets high-achieving, motivated studentswho areaiming for a top score in SAT Math.The book contains five main sections:Techniques, Heart of Algebra, Passport to Advanced Math, Problem Solving and Data Analysis, and Additional Topics in Math. Each category is broken down into its component concepts to teach you the fundamentals tested on SAT Math. Pros The book is written in an engaging, irreverent style,which can help students stay engaged with the material. It has realistic practice math problems, both Calculator and No Calculator,to help you get ready for both question types. Each chapter also provides a list of official questions of a certain type to help you drill specific skills. You can register on the PWN SAT website to get bonus material andwatch video answer explanations that walk you step by step through the practice problems. Cons Its target audience is limited.While this book will help top scorers with strong math skills, it won't be as accessible to students who struggle with math. If you want to focus on gaining foundational knowledge, PWN the SAT isn't the book for you. Although there are works by several differentauthorsto choose from to maximize your SAT Math score, I just have one author recommendation to boost your SATReading and Writing score: Erica Meltzer. Quick coffee break, and then it's on to SAT Reading and Writing. Best Books for SATReading and Writing If you're looking to brush up your reading comprehension skills or knowledge of grammar rules, I recommend Erica Meltzer's books on the Reading and Writing sections of the SAT. The Critical Reader: The Complete Guide to SAT Reading, 3rdEdition Price:$30-$35 on Amazon While studying for the SAT Reading section might seem hard to break down into specific parts, Erica Meltzer'sComplete Guide to SAT Readingdoes a good joboutlining the skills you'll need. Pros It offershelpful strategies for answering questions. While your English class might leave more room for subjective interpretation, the SAT Reading section does not. This book helps you locate the one unambiguously correct answer on reading comprehension questions. In addition to time management and reading comprehension techniques, this book teaches you how to locate and identify key information both quickly and efficiently. It provides useful strategies for approaching paired supporting evidence and data interpretation questions, many of which require you to read tables or graphs. It has a list of common, multiple-meaning words with their various definitions alongside strategies for how to use context clues to uncover the meanings of words and phrases. This book discusses question type so you can gain a better sense of what kinds of questions appear on Reading, such as main point, interpretation of detail, and vocabulary in context. It's full of high-quality questions and passages that resemble what you'll see on the SAT,including passages from US/world literature, history/social studies, and science. It also incorporates questions from the College Board and Khan Academy so you can match up concepts with relevant official sample questions. Cons Not all students are fans of the overall layout and formatting of the book,which has small, crowded font and isn't very creative or engaging. The writing style is all to the point. Some people appreciate this for its directness; other students find it dry. You can learn more about it at Meltzer's blog, The Critical Reader, and see how it suits you. It's a relatively expensive bookconsidering it only covers one section ofthe SAT. The Critical Reader: The Ultimate Guide to SAT Grammar, 4th Edition Price:About $30 on Amazon Erica Meltzer's Ultimate Guide to SAT Grammarclearly articulates the important grammar rules you'll need to know for the SAT Writing section and does a fantastic job getting you used to how the section will look and what kinds of questions you'll be asked on test day. Pros The questions are realistic and resemble those on the SAT Writing section. Like questions on the SAT, they are all connected to the context of a longer passage. Itbreaks down critical skills and grammar rules so you can study them individually. By learning the rules of grammar and usage, you'll be able to apply them to practice problems. Rather than just choosing an answer that sounds right, Meltzer's book will teach you all the rules you absolutely must know to get a good SAT Writing score. Cons While this book is helpful in the way it breaks the section down by skill and grammar rule, the questions on the real SATwill be in random order. This resource is useful for learning and drilling the rules, but you also want to take practice tests to make sure you can easily identify the grammar rule, even when it's not clearly laid out and labeled for you. There isn't a frequency guide, so it's hard to know which rules to prioritize over others. It's written in a similar style to her SAT Reading book, which some students might find dry. Like Meltzer's SAT Reading book, it's somewhat costly at around $30. This concludes our list of the best SAT prep books. Now, since this guide is meant to help you streamline your studying,let's discuss how you can best use these books to prep for the SAT and achieve your target scores. Key Tips for Studying With SAT Prep Books There are a lot of options when it comes to studying for the SAT from books. Rather than reading them cover to cover, you would be better served coming up with a plan and breaking each book down into smaller, manageable goals. I recommend using an official College Board practice testto give yourself a pre-testandgain a sense of your starting level, or baseline score. Use its answer key to score it and then analyze your results to determine what areas of the test you need to focus on in your prep. You could also save one of the tests to take right before you take the official SAT so you can gain a sense of how much you've improved. As mentioned, the other tests could be used as benchmarks along the way to gauge your progress and re-adjust your study plan if needed. A comprehensive book such as Kallis' or Barron's could be used alongside a subject-specific book, such as Steve Warner's Math book and Erica Meltzer's Reading and Writing guides. Depending on your goals and needs, you candecide how much time to devote to each subject to get the most out of your studying. There's a lot of room here to customize your study plan to your own strengths, weaknesses, and goals. This requires a good deal of planning and self-discipline to actually stick to your plan. You'll also benefit from reflecting on what works best for you in terms of maintaining interest, retaining information, and staying organized. If this sounds like a lot of "study prep" before you even get to your test prep, you might benefit from exploring SAT prep options beyond using an SAT book list. Time to explore! Final Tip: Explore Your SAT Prep Options The SAT is a unique test. Doing well in math and English class doesn't necessarily guarantee you a high score on SAT Math or Reading. Prep is a critical component of getting a high score for most students,which the College Board is finally acknowledgingwith its efforts to provide free online practice materials. Since youprobably don't have time to waste, you want to make the most of your prep time. If you're taking time out of your schedule to study, you should see results. PrepScholar's online SAT program was developed with these goals in mind. It retains the quality of content review, practical strategies, and SAT practice questions while adding those elements of accountability and customization. It also ensures you're getting the most out of your prep and aren't wasting time on material you already know or that won't help you on the SAT. With that same goal in mind, we've made available a number of in-depth strategy guides for the SAT, which we're adding to all the time. Here are some of our most popular guides: How to Get a Perfect 1600 SAT Score, by a 2400 Expert Full Scorer How to Get 800 on SAT Reading: 11 Strategies by a Perfect Scorer How to Get 800 on SAT Writing: 9 Strategies From a Perfect Scorer How to Get 800 on SAT Math, by a Perfect Scorer How Long Should I Study for the SAT? 6-Step Guide Should You Guess on the SAT? 6 Guessing Strategies The 21 Critical SAT Math Formulas You MUST Know The Complete Guide to SAT Grammar Rules SAT EssayPrompts: The Complete List The Best Way to Review Your Mistakes for the SAT The recommended SAT prep books can be very useful in getting you ready, but they can also feel overwhelming and repetitive,not to mention expensive. Take the time to explore your optionswhile also learning about the SAT from high-quality online resourcesand our detailed guides. If you're putting in the time to prep for the SAT, make sure that you'reseeing results and enjoying the process along the way! What's Next? Before delving into content and strategies, you should familiarize yourself with exactly what's on the SAT. Learn all about theReading, Writing, and Math sections in our individual guides. Also, read ourcomplete guide to the SATto learn more about the test overall. An important part of your study schedule is knowing exactly when you plan to take the SAT. Read all about how to choose your test dates. Did you know a lot of colleges superscore the SAT, meaning they take your highest section scores across all dates? Learn how you can use this policy to your advantage and build up your scores across different test dates. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We have the industry's leading SAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today:

Price Analysis for the Navigation System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Price Analysis for the Navigation System - Essay Example For a cost to be said to be allowable, it has to be reasonable, allocable and comply with the terms of contract. The cost has to be reasonable in the sense that, the government buyers do not feel like they are being over-charged for the goods or services being offered by the company. The cost has also to lie within what the government would wish its citizens charged for the same (CCH Incorporated, 2007). Another type of cost to be determined is the variable cost which is a contrast of fixed cost. With the former, any variation in the expenses incurred will result in a corresponding increase in the output. However, with the former, the variation resulting from the incurred expenses does not affect the output. In the determination of the variable cost; that is after the completion of the start-up phase of a company, one has to bear in mind the costs relating to packaging, raw materials and the labour that is directly involved in the manufacturing process of the company. The total variable cost can be determined by getting the product of total cost per unit of output and total quantity of output. The semi-variable cost, which is also referred to as mixed cost, include both the variable and fixed rates. Electricity is considered to be the most common variable cost especially in the manufacturing companies. Cost analysis is very important to help one determine how to price a given commodity from a particular supplier. Before performing price analysis, there is need to compare competitive bids. This can be achieved through comparing several suppliers of a given similar commodity then at the end of the day, the average of the costs one has obtained can be very useful in helping him/her determine the price of a given good. Despite the fact that the above method is regarded as the best one when it comes to price analysis, there other methods which include prices set by law and regulation, comparison of a published price list,

Computer Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Computer Science - Essay Example This original movement raised out of the hard work of a multiplicity of people who contracted with software engineering process in the 1990s, found them deficient, and looked for an innovative procedure to software development (Abrahamsson et al., 2002). The majority of the ideas were not bright; undoubtedly a lot of people thought that a great deal of successful software had been constructed that technique for an extended time. There was, though, an observation that these thoughts had been muffled and not been pleasured perilously adequate, mainly by people paying attention in software development (Ambler et al., 2007). Agile software engineering methodologies are additional humanistic and collaborative practice to software engineering it is also acknowledged as agilism, which supports individuals and associations over actions and tools, implementation software over broad documentation, client relationship in overload of agreement negotiation, and reacting to transform over followin g a plan (Ambler et al., 2007). Primarily, all agile techniques support frequent rearrangement of development objectives with the requirements and vision of the client. The evolutionary development of agile software engineering technique holds constant client collaboration to support the manufacture of a progressively developing product (Abrahamsson et al., 2002). This research is going to elaborate the agile software engineering methodologies. Here I will also investigate its basic difference from the traditional software engineering. Here my basic aim is to investigate the features those make this paradigm a vital need for the contemporary software engineering. Agile software engineering and Software Development is one response to the altering situation of the information technology region. A number of software project managers and developers acknowledged their agile procedures in corresponding. A significant date for the agile society was in